Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is a medical condition affecting women in 20s or 30s commonly worldwide. PCOS is usually diagnosed when women have difficulty in conceiving.

What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

PCOS is a common hormonal condition affecting approximately 1 in 10 of women due to an imbalance of the reproductive hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone.

The three clinical criteria of PCOS are:

• Evidence of excess male type hormones, noted either by having elevated blood hormones levels of androgens or excess growth of facial or body hair in areas where men usually have hair
• Irregular periods with menstrual cycles more than 35 days apart or eight or fewer menstrual cycles per year not due to hormonal birth control
• The presence of a high number of eggs on an ovarian ultrasound

PCOS can be diagnosed if 2 or 3 of the above criteria are met.

However, thy may have other symptoms such as:

• Acne and oily skin
• Weight gain
• Hair thinning or balding- Some women develop male-pattern baldness.

What causes PCOS?

It is not known how PCOS occurs. Both genetic and environmental factors may have played a role in the development of PCOS. The impact of these factors results in disrupted ovulation, resulting in abnormal periods and an increased risk of metabolic problems such as increased insulin resistance and elevated lipids (high cholesterol). PCOS runs in families.

How is PCOS treated?

No definitive cure for PCOS is available but treatment is usually aimed at controlling the symptoms.

Oral contraceptives (OCs) can be used to manage menstrual cycles.

Certain medications may also help control unwanted hair growth (e.g. Cyproterone).

Metabolic abnormalities, such as insulin resistance, are linked to an increased risk of diabetes and treatment with medicine like metformin may be helpful.

Lifestyle changes – Maintaining healthy diet and weight control are the first line treatment for PCOS.

Fertility treatment- are usually best treated with ovulation induction agents.

Can I have a healthy pregnancy with PCOS?

Absolutely! While there is an increased risk of gestational diabetes, high blood pressure, and possible preterm delivery described with PCOS pregnancies, most pregnancies occur without complications. Again, pre-pregnancy planning is important.

Living a healthy lifestyle that includes exercise, healthy eating, and getting enough sleep before getting pregnant will likely be beneficial in the early stages of pregnancy. Interestingly, losing weight prior to pregnancy for those who are of higher weight has not been associated with improved pregnancy rates. Overall, living a healthy lifestyle is associated with lower pregnancy risks.

What other health problems can occur with PCOS?

Diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure are all more common in women with PCOS. Cardiovascular risks associated with PCOS are reported. Additionally, there is a psychological impact. Increased risks of depression and anxiety are well documented in women with PCOS, and this is important to discuss with your health care provider.

When Should I see the Specialist?

If you believe you may have PCOS, we are here to help you. We can help guide you through treatment plan.

Please contact Rockingham Women’s Health Centre on 0895918943 to book an appointment or www.rockinghamwomenshealth.com.au